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Friday, December 4, 2009

Honda 'Personal-Neo Urban Transport' Concept Demonstrates Potential




















For Ultra-compact City-focused Vehicle
Small car maximizes style and amenities

The Honda Personal-Neo Urban Transport (P-NUT) design study model demonstrates a futuristic concept for an ultra-compact and sophisticated city coupe, American Honda Motor Co., Inc., announced at the 2009 Los Angeles Auto Show.

Conceived around a small "footprint" for maximum convenience in tight urban settings, the packaging concept integrates a center driving position configuration and a rear powertrain layout. The exterior styling leverages crisp angles with dynamic flowing lines that originate from the front of the vehicle and span outward toward the rear. The end result is a sleek and aggressive exterior that also allows for a spacious and open interior with excellent visibility.

"A new generation is discovering the benefits of living in urban centers that provide convenient access to business, entertainment and social opportunities," said Dave Marek, director of advanced design for Honda R&D Americas, Inc. "The Personal-Neo Urban Transport concept explores the packaging and design potential for a vehicle conceived exclusively around the city lifestyle."

The exterior styling is intended to capture a future direction for premium sophistication while balancing the need for maximum interior space and an aerodynamic appearance. The interior layout, in conjunction with the rear powertrain design, contributes prominently to the exterior's overall shape.

The layout of the interior space, with its center driving position flanked by two rear seats, provides generous legroom for all occupants, roughly the equivalent of a mid-sized sedan in a vehicle that has an exterior footprint similar to a micro car. Interior functionality is increased by rear seating areas that fold up and out of the way to increase storage capacity. The windshield serves as a heads-up display for the navigation system and the back-up camera.

The modular rear engine bay, depicted on the exterior by blue composite material, is designed to accommodate a wide variety of potential propulsion technologies including a conventional small displacement internal combustion engine, a hybrid gasoline-electric powertrain, or a battery-electric powertrain.

"The objective of the exterior and interior designers was to explore the potential for a new type of small-segment-category vehicle that overcomes many of the objections for existing micro-car designs," said Marek. "While the Honda P-NUT concept introduces function-oriented concepts, it also shows that small cars don't have to compromise on style or amenities."

The Advanced Design Studio of Honda R&D Americas, Inc. in Los Angeles developed the P-NUT design study model. Honda R&D Americas began its operations in California in 1975 with local market research activities and has steadily grown its capabilities over the past 33 years to include all aspects of new vehicle research, design and development. Recent Honda-brand efforts include trend-setting products such as the Pilot, Ridgeline, Element, Civic Coupe and Civic Si Coupe.

Specifications
Size class: Ultra-compact
Layout: Rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive
Passengers: 3
Length: 3,400 mm
Width: 1,750 mm
Height: 1,439 mm
Powertrain: Internal-combustion engine, hybrid-electric or battery-electric

Lexus LFA Genesis of a SUPERCAR
































The spectacular LFA makes its global debut at the 41st Tokyo International Motor Show. This is the result of a project to develop a supreme supercar.

Painstakingly created from a blank canvas by an elite team of Lexus engineers, the LFA is a supercar unlike any other. By pushing every boundary in its development, the LFA redefines the 21st Century supercar. Dynamic and exhilarating, the LFA delivers an ultimate driving experience.

A prototype LFA was tested at the Nürburgring as early as 2004, with the first design study unveiled in Detroit in 2005. Lexus entered the LFA into the Nürburgring 24 hours race in 2008 and 2009 – to push the LFA as hard as possible under the most testing of conditions.

CARBON FIBRE CONSTRUCTION

The LFA employs a unique Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) body to achieve exceptional integrity and light-weight construction.

A trio of sophisticated CFRP moldings comprise 65% of the cabin by weight, yielding a low 1485kg curb weight.

Pursuit of new CFRP technology internally results in an advanced new joining process for CFRP and metal alloys.

Internal development means this world-class CFRP technology is primed for future mass production in other Lexus models.

Keeping the car’s overall weight to a minimum was a fundamental requirement. So early in the development process, the team switched from aluminum construction to an advanced Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) body, yielding a weight saving of 100kg (220lbs).

In total, CFRP represents 65% of the cabin structure with aluminum alloy braces supporting the engine and suspension, representing the remainder. Within the LFA structural design, three different CFRP molding processes were used:

Prepreg

Prepreg is a hand-laid process, employing carbon fiber sheets impregnated with thermosetting resin. It creates an extremely stiff and stable structure. It is primarily used to form the main cabin frame.


Resin Transfer Molding (RTM)

RTM uses pre-formed carbon fiber components, which are later impregnated with thermosetting resin. It is used on the transmission tunnel, floor panel, roof, and hood.


Carbon Fiber Reinforced Sheet Molding Compound (C-SMC)

C-SMC uses short carbon fibers pressed into a die. It is used on the C-pillar and the rear floor.


A unique CFRP cabin with aluminum alloy extensions to cradle the engine and suspension

Utilizing CFRP is a rare approach to performance vehicle construction, but what further distinguishes the LFA approach, was the decision to develop the sophisticated CFRP structure entirely in-house. An example of the benefit of this approach was the development of an automated weaving process with laser thread sensors that ensures fabric integrity along with dramatic production-time savings.

A highly sophisticated three-dimensional carbon fiber loom was developed specifically for the LFA program

The LFA team also developed an advanced joining technology to bond carbon fiber and metal components. Conventional joining processes use a threaded aluminum insert that is wrapped in the CFRP. However, the LFA uses an innovative system that required no insert or direct CFRP contact by employing a flanged aluminum collar to link the two materials, overcoming inherent weaknesses in such joints.


CFRP components are attached to metal with an innovative design that requires no threaded inserts.

Developing the CFRP technology completely in-house now allows Lexus the unique opportunity to deploy this dramatic weight savings technology to future Lexus models.

V10-ENGINE

Breathtaking performance from a purpose-built, all new 4.8L V10 engine.
Incredibly responsive design able to rev from idle to its 9000rpm redline in 0.6 seconds.

Low friction, motor-sport developed components push max power and torque to 412kW (560PS) at 8700rpm and 480Nm at 6800rpm.

Compact design as small as a traditional V8 with the weight of a typical V6, generating 85.7 kW per liter.

Extreme power combined with ultra light weight rockets the LFA to 100km/h (62 mph) in just 3.7 seconds and a top speed of 325 km/h (202 mph).

Drawing on racing experience from the grueling Nurburgring 24 Hour race in Germany, the LFA development team equipped the LFA with a track-oriented bespoke V10 engine that sets new standards for compact dimensions, lightweight architecture and scintillating performance. The purpose-built 1LR-GUE engine uses a wide 72° angle between cylinder heads for perfect primary and secondary balance and adopts exotic light-weight materials, including titanium valves and connecting rods, forged aluminum pistons and Diamond-Like Carbon Silicon coated rocker arms. Naturally aspirated induction comes from 10 individual, electronically controlled throttle bodies that provide very linear and predictable power delivery. This advanced design estimates intake volume based on throttle pedal angle, thereby calculating fuel injection volume based directly on driver input, giving an instantaneous response.

Delivering heart-pounding acceleration with surgical precision

In addition, a fully integrated crankcase with paired cylinder valleys is used to minimize pumping loss. All said, the LFA’s low-friction program and high-response induction system allows the powerplant to reach an astounding rev limit of 9000rpm in a mere 0.6 seconds from idle. In fact, this level of responsiveness necessitates the use of a digital rev counter where a conventional analogue unit simply cannot keep pace with the engine.

The LFA V10 also features a dry sump lubrication system that not only positions the block deep within the engine bay to lower the center of gravity, but enables the engine to handle sustained, high-speed cornering in excess of 2G.

Dry sump lubrication for compact design and sustained lubrication at cornering speeds

The resulting powerplant is like no other, while the LFA’s V10 is as small as a traditional V8, it is as light as a conventional V6. Maximum power and torque comes in at 412kW (560PS) at 8700rpm and 480Nm at 6800rpm respectively. When combined with the low LFA curb weight and advanced aerodynamic design, this is enough to propel the LFA to 100km/h in just 3.7 seconds and to a top speed of 325km/h.

This groundbreaking engine was developed in conjunction with Yamaha; the result of a long-standing collaborative structure that exists between Lexus and the Japanese engineering specialist.

THE SOUND

The LFA V10 has been acoustically tuned to deliver a unique and dramatic Formula-1 inspired sound.
Horizontally split intake surge tank with acoustically designed walls emits optimal induction frequencies.
Tuned large diameter, equal length exhaust manifolds run through a titanium dual stage rear silencer.
Three acoustically optimized sound channels fill the cabin with rich intake and exhaust sounds.

By emphasizing the secondary combustion frequency of the LFA’s engine and then introducing primary, secondary and tertiary firing harmonics, Tanahashi-san and his team created a signature exhaust note unlike that of any other road car and called it ‘Octave Harmony’. This significantly enhanced the sensation of acceleration and speed, and was made possible by meticulously tuning the LFA’s multi-stage exhaust system.

An essential component responsible for generating the engine’s tone the surge tank, has been carefully tuned to achieve optimal acoustics. Borrowing from the design of an actual musical instrument, the sides have been made rigid and horizontal ribs have been added at the forward half to obtain a more powerful induction sound.


A surge tank engineered to bring out the best of an engine’s chorus

After combustion, exhaust exits the engine’s left and right banks through separate equal-length, large diameter exhaust manifolds that not only enhance torque levels, but also create a crisp sound quality. After passing through the catalytic converters, the dual exhausts flow through twin sub-mufflers and then meet at the rear of the vehicle in a multi-stage titanium silencer positioned behind the rear-mounted gearbox.

Equal length exhaust system layout delivers high power and realizes a clear, high quality sound.

The titanium rear silencer incorporates a valve-actuated structure that channels exhaust flow according to engine speed. At 3000rpm and below, the valve remains closed to route exhaust through multiple chambers, ensuring the exhaust note remains civilized. Above 3000 rpm, the valve opens to allow exhaust to pass through a single chamber and enter the world in the form of a hi-octane soprano.

The engine’s induction and exhaust sounds are carefully channeled into the LFA’s cabin. The main channel runs from the surge tank into the cabin below the main dash panel. This is complemented by two further channels- one at the upper cowl opening and the other at the lower reflector. These sound channels ensure the driver sits at the centre of a 3-D surround sound theatre of engine performance.

AUTOMATIC SEQUENTIAL GEARBOX

Lightning-quick six-speed Automated Sequential Gearbox (ASG) that always puts the driver in full control.

Unique paddle-shift feeling, with choice of seven gearshift speeds.

Transaxle layout over the rear axle results in exceptional cornering agility and high-speed controllability.

Ultra-quick upshifts as quick as 200 milliseconds complemented by computer-controlled rev-matching downshifts.

Four driving modes—Auto, Sport, Normal, and Wet for ultimate versatility.

Going beyond 200 mph requires a gearbox that provides a relentless torrent of acceleration that can be delivered in an instant. The Automated Sequential Gearbox (ASG) accommodates the engine’s wide powerband while remaining lightweight and compact. Operated by steering column-mounted paddle shifters, the ASG works hand-in glove with the engine to put the driver in full control even under the most extreme conditions.

A gearbox to complement the high-performance V10 engine

The LFA’s strong drive-centric focus is encapsulated by the paddle-shifter function. The force necessary to operate the right-hand upshift paddle and left-hand downshift paddle is different. Upshifts require only the slightest flick of the fingers while downshifts require more effort to enhance the mechanical link between driver and transmission.

The six-speed ASG drives the rear wheels through a torque-sensing limited slip differential and is mounted in a transaxle configuration over the rear axle to help achieve optimal vehicle weight distribution. Fitted with micro-polished gears for precise gearshifts and to reduce gear whine, this intelligent transmission has seven driver-selectable upshift speeds – each with a distinctly different driving engagement feel. Upshifts can be executed in a mere 200 milliseconds while downshifts are accompanied by speed-matching throttle blips to provide ultimate controllability. In addition, the ASG offers four driving modes: Auto, Sport, Normal, and Wet. Each mode has its own shift programming along with distinct engine and brake control logic systems.

DYNAMIC BALANCE

Mid-front engine mounting with a rear transaxle layout delivers the ideal 48:52 front-to-rear weight distribution vital for optimal dynamic balance.
The front engine and rear transaxle are connected through a rigid torque tube, creating a flex free link between engine and transmission – a crucial element in the ultra-stiff and balanced chassis construction.
All major ancillary components are weight-optimised and located within the wheelbase to minimize the moment of inertia and maximize agility.

“With the LFA it is always the driver that takes the lead,” says Chief Engineer Haruhiko Tanahashi, “and the vehicle follows.” Before embarking on the LFA program, Tanahashi-san and his development team were acutely aware that the car’s fundamental architecture would determine its dynamic capability.

While many believe that a 50:50 weight distribution is the most desirable for a high-performance sports car, the perfect weight ratio is actually the one that will allow the vehicle to live up to its full dynamic potential. With this in mind, the LFA development aimed for a 48:52 weight distribution. To realize this ideal front/rear weight distribution and a highly rigid construction, the LFA adopts a front midship engine/rear transaxle layout. This configuration also combines the controllability and straight line stability of a front engined rear-drive layout with the handling and cornering agility of a mid-engined rear-drive platform.

The V10 engine and six-speed ASG transaxle are connected by a rigid torque tube. This solid joint effectively manages longitudinal powertrain movement from torque fluctuations and helps keep the vehicle body flat when cornering.

Front engine and rear transaxle achieves optimal 48:52 weight distribution

Wherever possible, key components were installed within the wheelbase and positioned as low as possible. The fuel tank is saddle-shaped to straddle the central tunnel and collars the rear transaxle. Similarly, the aluminum brake calipers are positioned toward the vehicle’s centre of gravity while the discs themselves are constructed from low weight Carbon Ceramic Material (CCM), saving a full 20kg (44lbs) over traditional steel discs.

Both radiators and electric fans are housed within the rear overhang

Oil and water pumps are mounted down low and towards the rear.

RACING SUSPENSION AND BRAKES

A unique double wishbone front and multi-link rear suspension layout with aluminum alloy construction ensures high agility and low weight.
Bespoke remote-reservoir monotube shocks direct from the LFA racecar.
Forged aluminum knuckles and hollow anti-roll bars further reduce unsprung weight.
20-inch forged aluminum wheels shod with bespoke asymmetric Bridgestone tires: 265/35ZR20 at the front and 305/30ZR20 at the rear.
Two-piece Carbon Ceramic Material (CCM) brake discs with six-piston calipers up front and four-piston calipers in the rear for rock steady braking even at 325km/h.
Full floating disc construction negates high-temperature expansion.

The LFA rides on a high-performance, double wishbone front and multilink rear suspension layout. Developed after extensive work at the Nürburgring Nordschleife, it delivers vital steering and chassis feedback to the driver, perfectly balancing on-the-limit capability, exceptional levels of grip and secure high-speed stability.

Developed exclusively for the LFA for their uncompromised straight-line and cornering dampening force at any speed, the dampers feature piston rods coated in a diamond-like carbon compound and nickel-silicon plated cylinder walls for exceptional, friction-free response. The remote reservoir cylinders employ expanding and contracting metal bellows that are connected to the main cylinder via base valves.

Unique double wishbone front suspension provides planted and stable control

Focused on lowering weight wherever possible, the suspension features forged aluminum knuckles and suspension arms along with hollow anti roll bars to reduce unsprung weight. Borne out of the LFA’s Nurburgring 24 Hour races, the LFA adopts cross bracing along the bottom of the chassis structure to ensure an extra rigid platform capable of extreme G force. The front and rear cross bracings are connected by a lattice-style central brace. These bracings are complemented by a CFRP performance rod and aluminum delta brace at the chassis’s front.

While the LFA development car that competed in the 2008 and 2009 Nürburgring 24 Hour races used conventional steel brake discs, the production LFA uses advanced Carbon Ceramic Material (CC M) brake discs. Each CC M disc is 5kg lighter than the previous steel discs and significantly reduces unsprung weight to the benefit of steering precision and dynamic agility. Compared to conventional steel brake discs, CC M discs also deliver exceptional fade-free braking for confidence-inspiring performance.

Those at the front measure 390mm in diameter and are gripped by six-piston aluminum opposed monoblock calipers, while the rear measures 360mm in diameter and gripped by four-piston aluminum opposed monoblock calipers. To further ensure stopping power regardless of brake temperature, the discs are gripped by Lexus-engineered high-friction micron pads. The brakes also utilize a full floating disc design that allows disc deformation at high temperatures to be more readily absorbed and yielding a 20% improvement in cooling efficiency.

To complete the rolling architecture, LFA rides on 20-inch forged aluminum BBS wheels and are shod with bespoke asymmetric Bridgestone tires. 265/35ZR20 up front and 305/30ZR20 out back.

PERFORMANCE COCKPIT

A high-performance cockpit design that provides a unique supercar experience.

Hooded instrument panel yielding an exceptionally high level of driver information.

Central tachometer featuring a Thin Film Transistor (TFT) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) panel and motor-driven movable ring provides supercar exhilaration and Lexus sophistication.

Ultra high quality hand-finished cabin trim reflect premium supercar character and refinement synonymous with Lexus.

Opening the LFA doors reveals a dramatic low-slung cockpit that has been hand assembled with the finest materials to reflect the car’s driver centric dynamics. A sophisticated instrumentation interface brings driver and machine together for a true supercar experience. The advanced technology of the LFA’s instrument panel enables it to deliver an exceptionally high level of information to the driver in a clear and logical manner. It combines a Liquid Crystal Display panel with a color Thin Film Transistor and a motor-driven movable ring. The acrylic lens in the metal ring is composed of multiple layers to create an advanced, three-dimensional appearance, and the overall appearance of the meter changes according to the vehicle’s mode.

The single central circular dial takes centre stage and combines Lexus sophistication with the cutting edge precision befitting a 325km/h supercar. The central tachometer runs to 10,000rpm and features a fast reacting LCD needle designed to exactly replicate the V10 engine’s insatiable appetite for revs. Housed within the dial are the digital speedometer, gear indicator, transmission mode, vehicle control data, trip information displays and Tire Pressure Warning System display.

The raised centre console that divides the cabin houses the seven-inch integrated display screen as well as the controls for climate and infotainment. It is coated in satin metal accents and leather and complemented by 10 matte black buttons running down the console’s flanks. The LFA also features the innovative Remote Touch system, located precisely where the driver’s hand falls for optimal control and ease of operation. This multi-function control device operates on the same basic principles as a computer mouse and its on-screen cursor provides quick access to the LFA’s satellite navigation, configuration, and infotainment functions.

The LFA’s leather wrapped seats are orthopedically designed with a split rear backrest, pronounced side bolsters and eight-way electric adjustment. The seats are positioned at the centre of the vehicle’s wheelbase and laterally as close to the car’s centre as possible. This configuration allows the driver to feel and respond intuitively to changes in the vehicle’s behavior.

The cabin trim uses soft hand-finished leather or Alcantara with accent stitching complemented by both matte and glossy CFRP and satin metal accents. An expansive filet of matte-coated carbon fiber sits below the windscreen to reduce reflected sunlight, while glossy coated carbon fiber flanks the centre centre console and is used on the steering wheel and door panels. Naturally, LFA owners will be able to choose from a wide selection of textures and hues to truly personalize their cabin. In addition, each LFA has comprehensive equipment levels that include dual zone climate control, Hard Disc Drive satellite navigation* and a standard 12-speaker lightweight high-output audio system that employs high efficiency speakers with Lexus First Class D amplifiers. Also available is a Mark Levinson 12-speaker Premium Sound System custom designed for the unique LFA cabin acoustics.

Navigation function not available in all markets


AERODYNAMIC DESIGN

Clean, muscular and athletic, the LFA combines supercar styling with the Lexus L-finesse design philosophy into one cohesive form.
A low drag coefficient of just Cd 0.31
Flat underbody and speed-activated rear wing with a Gurney flap on the trailing edge yield exceptional downforce to keep the LFA planted at high-speeds

Sleek, athletic and muscular, the low-slung LFA coupe exudes super style from every curve and angle. Despite its mould-breaking styling, the LFA can immediately be identified as a Lexus through adherence to the Lexus L-finesse design philosophy. Rooted deeply in both traditional and modern Japanese culture, L-finesse expresses three fundamental elements: “Incisive Simplicity “ or purity, “Intriguing Elegance” of emotional appeal, and Seamless Anticipation of the experience and care of Japanese hospitality.

The LFA’s coherent lines flow from roof to sill in a seamless convex to concave line. With its low weight and high strength, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) the LFA designers had a higher degree of design freedom, allowing them to create shapes, curves and edges that would have been impossible with metal. For example, the sharp trailing edges at the rear of the LFA would not have been possible had traditional metal been used for the bodywork.

The LFA’s sleek shape is the work of hundreds of hours of wind-tunnel testing and relentless computer modeling using powerful Computational Fluid Dynamics programming. The result is a supercar with both head-turning looks and extraordinary aerodynamic qualities that deliver superb high-speed stability and a wind-cheating profile. With its wing retracted the LFA boasts a drag coefficient of just Cd 0.31.
Optimally shaped aerodynamic components designed to precisely manage airflow, under and around the LFA, are effectively positioned throughout the body. For example, at the front, a centrally positioned inlet is fitted with rubber seals at the side to prevent excessive airflow into the engine compartment. Also, at the point the A-pillar meets the windscreen, the LFA is fitted with small turbulence-reducing fins to enhance both straight-line and cross-wind stability. The active rear wing, complete with a Gurney flap on the trailing edge, deploys according to vehicle speed. It is retracted at low speeds, but rises at speeds of 80km/h to provide down force and stability. In addition, the LFA has a completely flat underbody engineered to create strong downforce. The speed of air flow under the vehicle is comparatively faster than the airflow over the vehicle, creating a strong pressure differential that effectively sucks the vehicle to the road.

HEAT MANAGEMENT

Central heat tunnel running the full length of the chassis to extract power-robbing latent heat
Large twin rear-mounted radiators and a high capacity low-mount centrifugal water pump provide exceptional powerplant cooling.
Large functional air ducts to cool brakes allow for sustainable braking power.

For a supercar to be truly track ready, it must have the ability to manage the massive heat build up that occurs throughout the vehicle. Left unchecked, the heat levels generated from mechanical and aerodynamic friction can severely diminish power output or cause complete functional breakdown altogether. In the world of performance car engineering, a great deal of attention is usually given to the typical hot spots such as the engine and brakes, however, exhaust systems and electronic systems must be equally protected to ensure high endurance and dependability. The LFA development team tackled this challenge with a comprehensive solution in mind. One of the key mechanisms was the adoption of a large heat tunnel that runs from the front of the chassis, down the central spine of the body, and out the rear of the vehicle via twin heat ports below the tail lamps.

For maximum engine cooling while supporting optimum dynamic balance, twin radiators are mounted at the rear, pulling in air directly from the large inlets mounted above the rear wheels. In addition, a large capacity centrifugal water pump is mounted low on the engine and feeds the radiators through large light-weight aluminum plumbing. This is complemented by a large, liquid-cooled oil cooler inside the V-bank water tank, wrapped in thermally conductive sheets to provide efficient and consistent lubrication cooling.

A cooling system to provide dynamic balance and high-performance cooling.

Brake cooling is also crucial when driving on a circuit. The front brakes are fed cold air from ducts located in the front bumper as well as in the under covers in order to keep them cool. Keeping brake temperatures in check prevents brake fade and enables consistent and confident brake feel, even in punishing conditions.

HAND CRAFTMANSHIP

Each LFA is hand built by a team of skilled craftsmen
In keeping with the LFA’s bespoke nature, each V10 engine will be hand-assembled by a single engineer and will bear his signature.
Each LFA is affixed with a special placard showing it’s sequence number among the 500 units to be built.

The LFA team is no ordinary group. It is a team staffed by talented engineers and craftsmen – all sharing the passion for high performance driving and unconventional engineering methods. This small and prestigious team led by Chief Engineer Haruhiko Tanahashi have steered the LFA program from concept, to design, to engineering, to manufacturing – all the way creating completely new methods that would ensure that the LFA was sensational and distinct. One of the areas the team closely examined was the way of assembly. Their goal was to ensure a process that not only created peerless build quality, but one that would be sure to inject each LFA with the passion and DNA that the LFA program was based on. This is an assembly process that only hand craftsmanship could fulfill.

Starting from December 2010 at the LFA Works facility at the Motomachi manufacturing plant in Toyota City, Japan, each LFA will be hand-built by a team of highly skilled craftsmen. LFA will therefore be produced at a maximum rate of only 20 per month. In addition, the heart of each LFA, the bespoke 4.8L V10 engine, will be assembled by a single engineer and a metallic label bearing his signature will be attached to the left cylinder head of each engine. Finally, upon completion of each LFA’s assembly and functional check, each unit will be affixed its own placard indicating its unique build sequence among the very limited 500 units that will ever be produced.

Friday, October 16, 2009

The all new FORD TAURAS

MyKey Technology







Interior Sound Quality







New Twin -Turbo 3.5 L EcoBoost








Blind Spot Information System







Paint System





















Clearly, our designers thought outside the ordinary sedan box. Instead, they focused on the details and sculpted an athletic profile that is perpetually poised. Exterior mirrors flow purposefully from the doors. Lines convey power and agility. Incandescent tail lamps pick up those same lines and race you around the rear. It’s all meant to pull you inside where there are countless reasons to never get out.

Athletic Appearance
With its assertive stance and sculpted lines, the new 2010 Taurus is a balance of beauty and strength.Tarurus design features include: • Unique tri-bar grille • Jeweled projector beam headlamps • Power dome hood • Prominent wheel arches that house several all-new wheel designs • Incandescent taillamps

Beautiful Taurus lines
The beautiful lines in Taurus speak volumes about this car. Almost anywhere you look, the exterior of Taurus features complementary lines that elevate the design of this car – from the tip of its power dome hood to its rear deck lid.

New Wheel Lineup
It doesn’t get any cooler than the available 20” premium painted luster nickel aluminum wheel on SHO (shown). Other wheel choices include: • 19” premium painted luster nickel-aluminum wheels, standard on SHO • 19” chrome-clad wheels, standard on Limited • 18” painted sparkle silver aluminum wheels, standard on SEL • 19” painted sparkle silver aluminum wheels, included in SEL 202A option group • 17” painted sparkle silver aluminum wheels, standard on SE

Spacious, Contemporary and Well-Crafted Interior

Sporting contemporary good looks and ample interior room, Taurus invites you in. Free from clutter, there is close attention to detail. High-quality, soft-to-the touch materials are used throughout – from the door and instrument panels to the console and seats. In the 2010 Taurus, everything just comes together, creating an environment that is comfortable, warm and accommodating.

Flowing 38º Center Stack
The interior is both attractive and intelligently designed. Featuring a clean and modern design, the console has a forward-leaning center stack that gently flows into a seamless center console to help maximize room and ergonomics.

Twin Chrome Exhaust Tips
Twin chrome exhaust tips accentuate the precision-engineered look of SE, SEL and Limited models. SHO features standard dual exhaust.








Wednesday, October 7, 2009

Five of the best: city cars for under £4,000











As the streets get more crowded and the sky dirtier, small cars get more popular. Here are the top five city dwellers for those not on City bonus money.
SMMT sales figures for September 2009 have shown a general shift towards smaller, more efficient cars. That's no surprise given we're all more eco-aware these days, but it's also an indication that city cars are getting better and better, cramming more space into smaller shells than ever; some of them aren't far short of packaging miracles.

It used to be the case that the city car was the choice for those who secretly wanted something bigger. Now, small is the new big - and that's great because smaller means more affordable. So, we've set ourselves a £4,000 budget and gone about finding the best proper city cars we can find. Cars that you won't be ashamed to rock up to the golf course in, or whatever other cliché you can think of that represents big cars and old money.

Volkswagen Lupo, Not so loopy
The VW Lupo remains the perfect way of getting plenty of badge prestige for little money, despite being an obvious platform sharing exercise with sister car the SEAT Arosa. It was replaced by the Fox, which despite being bigger and more refined, arguably dispensed with all the cute character than made the Lupo so appealing. It was conceived as a littler version of the ever-bloating Polo, and while it doesn't quite have the quality we expect of a VW it is of course built to last. And the 1.6-litre GTI is a proper pocket rocket.

Obviously it's not on sale new any more, but having been discontinued in 2005 there are plenty of decent examples to be had for well under our £4,000 budget. It's a VW, so residuals are solid which means that a decent GTI version is still out of our budget, believe it or not. So, we'd opt for a late 1.4-litre in Sport guise, which cost £10,500 when new and comes with alloy wheels, front fog lights and a cool central tailpipe. The 100bhp engine gets the car to 60mph in ten seconds exactly, but it's so small and low that things feel altogether faster from the inside - and that's what really matters

Fiat Panda, A bit of an animal
The beauty of the Panda is its utilitarian coolness - and the fact it's so cheap. Released in 2003, the Panda was something of a revelation because, as opposed to its forebear, it was spacious, modern and really good to drive. It has stood the test of time too, because it still stands tall (literally) among much newer competition - even that from within the ranks in the form of the Fiat 500.

It's available in petrol and diesel guises, the latter a smooth and frugal 1.3-litre MultiJet, but unless you need all that torque for lugging a family of four fatties, we'd say keep it basic with our choice: a 1.1-litre petrol model in Active spec. In that case it will be easy to find an example from 2005 with low mileage for under £4k. It won't be massively well equipped (you'll have to make do with plastic wheel trims), but that's still a lot of space and cool for the money.

Ford Ka, City socialite
The original Ford Ka's place in city car legend was cemented with the arrival of the current version; the new Ka isn't a bad car, but it's regarded by many (us included) as having none of the character that marked out its predecessor as special. Don't be fooled though, cars have moved on since the Ka's 1996 launch: step into an original now and it feels cramped and cheap.

But that doesn't stop it being great, because despite what BMW would have you believe, the Ford nailed the 'go-kart handling' thing well before the new MINI did. There's something raw and uniquely involving about the Ka, and its tiny footprint makes it an ideal city car for those who don't really need that much space. In terms of buying one, anything pre-2007 should be within the reach of a punter with four grand in their pocket and a bit of self-belief. There are absolutely loads of them about, so go for the newest, most well equipped, lowest mileage 1.3-litre petrol you can find, and haggle for the best price. Don't accept anything less than a minter, as someone in the trade might say.

Mini, City car czar

BMW era MINIs haven't quite dropped below the £4k mark yet, even for 2001 examples, but like the Ka earlier on this list, there's a strong case for the original even though the update is in every respect the better, more modern car. (Angry emails to the usual address please, original Mini owners.)

You've heard the gushing talk about the original Mini's cult status and all encompassing greatness before - especially given the whole 50th anniversary thing - so we won't go over old ground here. So, what can be had for £4k? Well, the Mini is a bona fide classic, and an aged one at that, so there's a huge swell of rubbish to sift through for every good example. Our budget should be enough to buy a car in good fettle and capable of running nicely as a day-to-day city dweller. But as ever, if you're not au fait with all things mechanical, take someone who is when you're looking otherwise you could spend more time under the car than in it. Re-builds can be a good option, but we refer to the previous sentence to make sure you're buying into quality workmanship

Renault Twingo, French fancy
Mini-schmini! If you really want to stand out in your city car - and tell the world you've got skills behind the wheel - buy an original Renault Twingo. It wasn't brought to the UK officially and is only available in left hand drive - so you'll need your wits about you during the crowded rush hour - but you'll be unique among other road users. Score.

Now, you may well be thinking 'oh my, that's an ugly car.' And you'd be right, it is, but it's also really clever, still - despite being a stroppy teenager now, having been born in 1992. It's still in production in Columbia too, despite being replaced by the Twingo we see in Renault showrooms today. Nearly 2.5 million of them have been made so far and counting. Its sliding rear bench seat means drivers can choose either more boot or rear leg space depending on need, and it went through a couple of facelifts during production, so the cabins of later cars look relatively modern even today. There aren't many around, but used examples often crop up, plenty of them very well looked after by owners with the smarts to import something different. All cars get power from four-cylinder petrol engines of 1.1-litre or 1.2-litre capacity.

Monday, October 5, 2009

Lamborghini Murcielago LP 640 Roadster Car .Why to BUY










FRAME
Tubular frame made from high-strength steel alloy with carbon fibre structural parts

BODY
Carbon fibre steel.

SUSPENSIONS
Independent front and rear double wishbones, anti-roll bars; anti-dive and anti-squat; shock absorber system FSD self adjusting

BRAKES
Power vacuum assisted, H system with ABS + DRP, aluminum alloy calipers with 8 cylinders (front) and 4 cylinders (back)
Carbon Ceramic Brakes (optional)
Ø 380 x 36 mm and 6 piston brake callipers (front & rear)


Power-assisted rack and pinion

TYRES(front-rear) Pirelli Pzero 245/35 ZR 18 – 335/30 ZR 18

WHEELS(front-rear) Aluminium alloy, 8.5"x Ø 18"-13"x Ø18"

KERB-TO-KERB TURNING CIRCLE12.55 m

MIRRORS
External mirrors with electrical closing system and heating system, internal mirror with anti-blinding system


Electronically controlled
First step: 130km/h and closure 180km/h,
Second step: 220 km/h and returning to the first step under 180 km/h

AIR FLAPS
Opening:
1. Water temperature > 95 °C and speed < 180 km/h
2. 65 °C < Water temperature < 95 °C
3. external air temperature > 30 °C and speed < 180 km/h

Tuesday, September 8, 2009

Unique Yourself new 911 Classic Porsche Cayman (Distinctive. Resolute.Strong.Willed)



















































Design

The design of the Cayman models is befitting of their distinctive, sporty character.

Their performance potential is obvious at first sight, for these are true specimens of force and athleticism. Individual styling features help to define both vehicles so impressively.

A constant interaction of convex and concave curves. A certain style, like no other. Immediately, the front displays the kind of character that you expect to find in the Cayman models. The front end has been restyled with enlarged air intakes that hint at the performance within.

The contouring of the front apron gives the car an even more purposeful appearance. The front spoiler lip has been enlarged, further reducing lift at the front axle.

The front wings with their integrated headlights give the Cayman models a distinctively sporty look.

The headlights feature a brand new design. Both models are equipped as standard with halogen headlights, LED position lights and front fog lights integrated into the outer air intakes. Bi-Xenon headlights with dynamic cornering lights, including LED daytime running lights, are available on request.

Follow the car’s clean lines along the side towards the rear, past the newly styled and enlarged exterior mirrors, where the impressive design continues. The styling is emphasised by the distinctly pronounced curves of the front and rear wings and the shape of the doors.

Typically for a coupé, there is a gradual, flowing transition from the A-pillar to the rear. The sharper contour of the side skirts directs the air stream down to the side air intakes which are designed to facilitate considerable through-flow. The rear section of the side windows curves dynamically upwards. Extending beyond the side windows are two additional lines that direct attention towards the rear end. One of these lines continues to frame the large rear screen.

The second line continues its rearward path to the LED taillight module. The elegant, extendable rear wing further reduces lift at the rear axle.

Below, you cannot miss the visible hallmark of the characteristic Porsche sound: the stainless steel tailpipe – twin tailpipe on the Cayman S – integrated into the rear end.

The unmistakable styling of the Cayman models is complemented by the wheel design. The Cayman is fitted with 17-inch wheels as standard, the Cayman S with 18-inch wheels. A 19-inch option is available for both models.

The result of all of these measures? A unique appearance and refined aerodynamics with a low drag coefficient of only 0.29.

The Cayman models. Even more sophisticated, even more dynamic, and when it comes to style, they trust in only one direction: their own.

Concept

To accept no compromises, to make conscious decisions, to be governed by nothing other than one's own free will, and to have a clear point of view. A highly promising way to build a sportscar. For us, it's the only way.


It is from this philosophy that we developed the mid-mounted engine with a 3.4-litre capacity and direct fuel injection (DFI). The engine delivers a power output of 235 kW (320 hp) at 7,200 rpm, and a maximum torque of 370 Nm is achieved at 4,750 rpm. It has been possible to reduce fuel consumption by up to 15% and CO2 emissions by up to 16%, depending on the type of gearbox.


The Cayman S reaches 62 mph (100 km/h) in just 5.2 seconds. Top speed isn’t reached until 172 mph (277 km/h). Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK) is available as an option. The fastest rate of acceleration of 4.9 seconds is achieved in conjunction with the optional Sport Chrono Package.


In addition to having a higher power output, the Cayman S also differs from the Cayman in its appearance. It has a front spoiler painted in the vehicle’s exterior colour, and a twin tailpipe in stainless steel. The sound? Distinctive. In keeping with the rest of the Cayman S.


But so much power also needs to be tamed. This is the task of the optimised brake system with four-piston aluminium monobloc fixed calipers in a striking red painted finish.


To deliver the increased power output to the road, the Cayman S is fitted with 18-inch Cayman S II wheels. Their design exudes pure dynamism – as befits the model's overall look.


In summary, the Cayman S is more than just a sportscar. It's a Porsche.

VarioCam Plus

VarioCam Plus combines variable valve timing with two-stage lift on the inlet side. This results in smoother running, better fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions. As well as greater top-end power and low-end torque.

This two-in-one engine concept seamlessly adapts in response to driver input. The result: instant acceleration and extremely smooth running.

The variation in intake timing is steplessly controlled by means of an electro-hydraulic rotary vane adjuster at the head of the corresponding camshaft.

To improve throttle response during the warm-up phase, VarioCam Plus selects high valve lifts with retarded valve timing. In the middle and low load ranges, low valve lifts with advanced timing reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. High valve lifts generate high torque and maximum output.

Direct Fuel Injection

The engine of the Cayman S has direct fuel injection (DFI). With millisecond precision, fuel is injected at up to 120 bar directly into the combustion chamber by means of electromagnetically actuated injection valves.

The spray and cone angles have been optimised for torque, power output, fuel consumption and emissions by enabling a homogeneous distribution of the air/fuel mixture, and, therefore, effective combustion. Multiple fuel injections take place, depending on the driving style.

DFI improves the internal cooling of the combustion chamber by having the mixture prepared directly in the cylinder. This allows for a higher compression ratio (12.5:1) which helps to deliver more output along with enhanced engine efficiency.

It has therefore been possible to reduce fuel consumption by up to 15% and CO2 emissions by up to 16%, depending on the type of gearbox. Injection is regulated by the electronic engine management system. The exhaust gas cleaning system ensures that emissions remain well below even the strict limits of the EU5 emission standard, thus helping to protect the environment.

Cayman S exhaust system

The exhaust system – with twin tailpipes on the Cayman S – is made of stainless steel. Until it converges in the connecting tube, the exhaust gas is channelled through two separate tracts and, thanks to separate exhaust gas cleaning systems, the exhaust gas can flow more freely – for increased power and torque.


The stereo lambda control circuitry controls and monitors each cylinder bank separately. For each exhaust tract, four corresponding oxygen sensors regulate the composition of the exhaust gas and monitor the conversion of pollutants in the catalytic converters.


A sports exhaust system – for a more resonant sound – is available as an option for each of the Cayman models.

Manual Gearbox

Fitted as standard in each of the Cayman models is a six-speed manual gearbox. The shift throw is short and precise, the tuning is sporty – as befits the character of the Cayman models. The dual-mass flywheel minimises engine noise and the control cable mechanism prevents vibrations from being transmitted to the gear lever.

Bracking System

The acceleration of the Cayman models is impressive. Even more impressive, perhaps, is the vehicle’s maximum braking power, which comfortably tames the power of the engine.

Four-piston aluminium monobloc brake calipers are fitted front and rear. Offering excellent rigidity, they are compact and save on weight. Their superior responsiveness, for fast and sensitive braking, sets them apart. A brake booster provides assistance, reducing pedal effort whilst maintaining a powerful braking effect.

A special ventilation system, whereby the entire wheel brake is supplied with cooling air by openings in the front end and special channelling systems, increases the stability of the brakes during heavy use.

For the Cayman models, the braking system has been modified to cope with the increased engine power. Just like the Cayman S, the front axle of the Cayman features internally vented brake discs with a diameter of 318 mm. On both models, 299 mm brake discs are fitted to the rear axle. The brake pads have also been optimised for improved braking performance. The rear brake discs of the Cayman S are 4 mm thicker than those of the Cayman, which increases stability under load even further. To distinguish them visually, the brake calipers on the Cayman have a black anodised finish while those on the Cayman S are painted red.

For reduced weight, optimum braking in the wet and improved cooling, the brake discs on both models are cross-drilled.

For the Cayman S, the Porsche Ceramic Composite Brake (PCCB) is available as an option.

Anti Theft Protection

Both models are equipped with an immobiliser with in-key transponder. In addition, the Cayman S has an alarm system with contact-sensitive exterior protection as standard (optional for the Cayman). It is activated and deactivated by the remote control integrated in the ignition key, which is also used to lock and unlock the doors. Radar-based interior surveillance is available as an option for both models.

Vehicle Tracking System

In conjunction with the alarm system, this optional preparation enables future installation of a vehicle tracking system available from Porsche Tequipment. It makes it possible to locate a stolen vehicle across most of the countries of Europe. The package includes a special wiring loom and a higher-capacity battery. A tilt sensor for the alarm system is included.

CO2 EMMISSIONS

In an era of intensifying debate about global climate change and CO2 emissions, every automotive manufacturer is asking itself what it has to offer in terms of environmental protection. Our answer has long been the same: maximum efficiency.

Porsche has been reducing the CO2 emissions of its vehicles annually by an average of 1.7%. In relation to power output (g/km per hp), Porsche is already among those manufacturers achieving the lowest CO2 emissions. This has been achieved through the new efficient drive concept (DFI), lightweight construction, optimum aerodynamics and low rolling resistance.

This high level of environmental responsibility is clearly demonstrated by our approach to environmental management at the Porsche development centre in Weissach. Here, all technological developments are carried out with environmental protection in mind. The goal? Pure performance – but not at the expense of the environment. A goal achieved by the Cayman models.